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  Python变量
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  <h1 id="变量"><a href="#变量" class="headerlink" title="变量"></a>变量</h1><p>程序就是来处理数据的，而变量就是数据存储的一种方式</p>
<ul>
<li><h2 id="变量的定义"><a href="#变量的定义" class="headerlink" title="变量的定义"></a>变量的定义</h2><p>  跟其他语言不同的是，python的语法中，新建一个变量的时候可以不用声明其类型<br>  直接对其进行赋值即可，python解释器会自动判断其类型</p>
<p>  对变量赋值要用到赋值操作符<code>=</code>号</p>
<p>  <code>变量名 = 值</code></p>
<p>  其作用是把 <code>右值</code> 赋给 <code>左值</code></p>
  <figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">a = <span class="number">1</span></span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>  上方代码的意思就是把<code>a</code>的值设定为1</p>
</li>
<li><h2 id="变量的类型"><a href="#变量的类型" class="headerlink" title="变量的类型"></a>变量的类型</h2><p>  程序中的数据就可以叫做变量,那么数据就可以是有很多不同形式的信心</p>
<p>  比如:</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="center">姓名</th>
<th align="center">性别</th>
<th align="center">年龄</th>
<th align="center">身高</th>
<th align="center">体重</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td align="center">小明</td>
<td align="center">男</td>
<td align="center">18</td>
<td align="center">175</td>
<td align="center">75.5</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>  这一组数据就可以被当作不同的变量来输入系统,不同的数据类型操作也会有所区别</p>
<p>  但这其中有字符串 有整数 有小数 那他们的变量会有什么不同呢</p>
<p>  有过百年城基础的人都知道,int float str bool 是常用的数据类型,那么他们又代表什么呢</p>
</li>
<li><h3 id="VScode实例"><a href="#VScode实例" class="headerlink" title="VScode实例"></a>VScode实例</h3><p>  由这个vscode变量定义的实例来看出不同变量在解释器中的标识</p>
<p>  <img src="/data.gif" alt="gif"></p>
<p>  其中共出现了四种不同的数据类型</p>
<p>  <strong>bool布尔型</strong>: 表示<code>是</code>或<code>否</code></p>
<p>  <strong>int整形</strong>: 表示<code>整数</code></p>
<p>  <strong>float浮点型</strong>: 浮点<code>小数</code></p>
<p>  <strong>str字符串型</strong>: 表示<code>字符串</code></p>
<hr>
<p>  <em><strong>通过一个例子看出不同数据类型对操作结果产生的影响</strong></em></p>
<p>  <img src="/operate.gif" alt="operate"></p>
</li>
<li><h2 id="所有变量类型"><a href="#所有变量类型" class="headerlink" title="所有变量类型"></a><em>所有变量类型</em></h2><p>  python中分为<code>数字型</code>数据和<code>非数字型</code>两类数据类型</p>
<p>  数字型：<a href="int.md">int</a><br>  <a href="float.md">float</a><br>  <a href="bool.md">bool</a></p>
<p>  非数字型：<a href="str.md">str</a><br>  <a href="tuple.md">(tuple)</a><br>  <a href="list.md">[list]</a><br>  <a href="dict.md">{dict}</a></p>
<p>  要想查看一个变量的具体类型，可以使用type函数</p>
  <figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="built_in">type</span>(variable_name)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><h2 id="不同变量之间的运算"><a href="#不同变量之间的运算" class="headerlink" title="不同变量之间的运算"></a>不同变量之间的运算</h2><p>  有些运算符是支持不同种数据类型之间运算的，但其结果还是得看变量的性质</p>
<p>  一些实例：</p>
<p>  <img src="/ope.png" alt="operate"></p>
<p>  可以看出bool型的数据 真 在运算中代表值 1 ；假 代表 0</p>
<p>  而不同数据类型之间的运算也很好通过逻辑来解释</p>
<p>  非数字型可以进行跨类型的乘法，但只能乘整数，输出结果就是就是自身的n遍</p>
<p>  非数字型还可以进行同类相加的操作( 比如字符串的相加 )，但是不能进行<code>- /</code>两类运算（不合逻辑）</p>
<p>  数字型之间的运算就没有太多限制了，正常数学运算即可</p>
</li>
<li><h2 id="变量的输入"><a href="#变量的输入" class="headerlink" title="变量的输入"></a>变量的输入</h2><p>  在Python中,想要让程序获取键盘的输入信息,就需要使用<code>input()</code>函数来接收数据</p>
  <figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">a = <span class="built_in">input</span>(<span class="string">&quot;输入:&quot;</span>)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>  输出结果:</p>
  <figure class="highlight txt"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">输入:</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>  <code>input()</code>的函数有两个作用</p>
<p>  <img src="/input.png" alt="input"></p>
<p>  第一：先输出一段事先定义好的字符串（通常用作提示信息）</p>
<p>  第二：再将用户输入的信息缓存为字符串</p>
<p>  <img src="/input_str.gif" alt="input_type_str"></p>
<p>  <strong>input函数默认将输入内容转换为字符串赋值给变量，如果需要其他数据类型，利用数据类型转换函数即可</strong></p>
<p>  如下列格式</p>
  <figure class="highlight txt"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">变量名 = 数据类型函数（input（））</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><h2 id="变量的格式化输出"><a href="#变量的格式化输出" class="headerlink" title="变量的格式化输出"></a>变量的格式化输出</h2><p>  若想使用print函数一次性输出多个变量，可以使用格式化输出字符串</p>
<p>  具体用法如表</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="center">格式化字符</th>
<th>含义</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td align="center">%s</td>
<td>表示字符串</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">%d</td>
<td>带符号的十进制整数，%06d表示输出的整数位数为6，不足的用“0”补齐</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">%f</td>
<td>浮点数默认输出6位小数，%.02f表示显示两位小数</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="center">%%</td>
<td>单纯输出一个<code>%</code></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p>  如下面这段源码:</p>
  <figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">name = <span class="string">&quot;张天瑞&quot;</span></span><br><span class="line">age = <span class="number">18</span></span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(<span class="string">&quot;我叫 %s ,未满 %d 岁&quot;</span> %(name,age))</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>  解释器会自动匹配相同的类型的变量并将其整合进入字符串</p>
<p>  输出结果:</p>
  <figure class="highlight txt"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">我叫 张天瑞 ,未满 18 岁</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>  如果按顺序变量不匹配格式</p>
<p>  会出现报错:</p>
<p>  <img src="/_error.png" alt="error"></p>
</li>
<li><h2 id="变量的命名"><a href="#变量的命名" class="headerlink" title="变量的命名"></a>变量的命名</h2></li>
<li><h3 id="关键字"><a href="#关键字" class="headerlink" title="关键字"></a>关键字</h3><p>  关键字就是python内建的函数或类中,已经被占用的标识符名称<br>  (通常会随着import的包而改变数量)</p>
<p>  它们通常都是具有一定特殊功能的函数(比如_thread)</p>
<p>  可以通过下列代码来实现显示当前的关键字:</p>
  <figure class="highlight python"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"><span class="keyword">import</span> keyword</span><br><span class="line"><span class="built_in">print</span>(keyword.kwlist)</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>  输出:</p>
  <figure class="highlight txt"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">[&#x27;False&#x27;, &#x27;None&#x27;, &#x27;True&#x27;, &#x27;and&#x27;, &#x27;as&#x27;, &#x27;assert&#x27;, &#x27;async&#x27;, &#x27;await&#x27;, &#x27;break&#x27;, &#x27;class&#x27;, &#x27;continue&#x27;, &#x27;def&#x27;, &#x27;del&#x27;, &#x27;elif&#x27;, &#x27;else&#x27;, &#x27;except&#x27;, &#x27;finally&#x27;, &#x27;for&#x27;, &#x27;from&#x27;, &#x27;global&#x27;, &#x27;if&#x27;, &#x27;import&#x27;, &#x27;in&#x27;, &#x27;is&#x27;, &#x27;lambda&#x27;, &#x27;nonlocal&#x27;, &#x27;not&#x27;, &#x27;or&#x27;, &#x27;pass&#x27;, &#x27;raise&#x27;, &#x27;return&#x27;, &#x27;try&#x27;, &#x27;while&#x27;, &#x27;with&#x27;, &#x27;yield&#x27;]</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
</li>
<li><h3 id="标识符"><a href="#标识符" class="headerlink" title="标识符"></a>标识符</h3><p>  标识符就是程序员的定义的<strong>变量名</strong>,<strong>函数名</strong></p>
<p>  标识符需要简洁明了,让人一看就知道这个东西的作用</p>
<ul>
<li><p>命名要求:</p>
<p>  只能由 <strong>数字</strong>  <strong>字母</strong>  <strong>下划线</strong>  组成</p>
<p>  并且开头不能是数字,不能与关键字重名</p>
<p>  出现多个单词组成一个标识符时,采用<br><em><strong>下划线命名法</strong></em>  <em><strong>大驼峰命名法</strong></em>  <em><strong>小驼峰命名法</strong></em><br>  来命名</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>  Guido命名规范:</p>
<table>
<thead>
<tr>
<th align="left">Type</th>
<th align="left">Public</th>
<th align="left">Internal</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr>
<td align="left">Modules</td>
<td align="left">lower_with_under</td>
<td align="left">_lower_with_under</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">Packages</td>
<td align="left">lower_with_under</td>
<td align="left"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">Classes</td>
<td align="left">CapWords</td>
<td align="left">_CapWords</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">Exceptions</td>
<td align="left">CapWords</td>
<td align="left"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">Functions</td>
<td align="left">lower_with_under()</td>
<td align="left">_lower_with_under()</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">Global&#x2F;Class Constants</td>
<td align="left">CAPS_WITH_UNDER</td>
<td align="left">_CAPS_WITH_UNDER</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">Global&#x2F;Class Variables</td>
<td align="left">lower_with_under</td>
<td align="left">_lower_with_under</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">Instance Variables</td>
<td align="left">lower_with_under</td>
<td align="left">_lower_with_under (protected) or __lower_with_under (private)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">Method Names</td>
<td align="left">lower_with_under()</td>
<td align="left">_lower_with_under() (protected) or __lower_with_under() (private)</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">Function&#x2F;Method Parameters</td>
<td align="left">lower_with_under</td>
<td align="left"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td align="left">Local Variables</td>
<td align="left">lower_with_under</td>
<td align="left"></td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
</li>
</ul>
 
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      <img class="reward-img" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/Shen-Yu/cdn/img/alipay.jpg">
      <span class="reward-type">支付宝</span>
    </div>
    
    
    <div class="reward-item">
      <img class="reward-img" src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/gh/Shen-Yu/cdn/img/wechat.jpg">
      <span class="reward-type">微信</span>
    </div>
    
  </div>
</div>
    
<script src="/js/jquery-3.6.0.min.js"></script>
 
<script src="/js/lazyload.min.js"></script>

<!-- Tocbot -->
 
<script src="/js/tocbot.min.js"></script>

<script>
  tocbot.init({
    tocSelector: ".tocbot",
    contentSelector: ".article-entry",
    headingSelector: "h1, h2, h3, h4, h5, h6",
    hasInnerContainers: true,
    scrollSmooth: true,
    scrollContainer: "main",
    positionFixedSelector: ".tocbot",
    positionFixedClass: "is-position-fixed",
    fixedSidebarOffset: "auto",
  });
</script>

<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/jquery-modal@0.9.2/jquery.modal.min.js"></script>
<link
  rel="stylesheet"
  href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/jquery-modal@0.9.2/jquery.modal.min.css"
/>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/justifiedGallery@3.7.0/dist/js/jquery.justifiedGallery.min.js"></script>

<script src="/dist/main.js"></script>

<!-- ImageViewer -->
 <!-- Root element of PhotoSwipe. Must have class pswp. -->
<div class="pswp" tabindex="-1" role="dialog" aria-hidden="true">

    <!-- Background of PhotoSwipe. 
         It's a separate element as animating opacity is faster than rgba(). -->
    <div class="pswp__bg"></div>

    <!-- Slides wrapper with overflow:hidden. -->
    <div class="pswp__scroll-wrap">

        <!-- Container that holds slides. 
            PhotoSwipe keeps only 3 of them in the DOM to save memory.
            Don't modify these 3 pswp__item elements, data is added later on. -->
        <div class="pswp__container">
            <div class="pswp__item"></div>
            <div class="pswp__item"></div>
            <div class="pswp__item"></div>
        </div>

        <!-- Default (PhotoSwipeUI_Default) interface on top of sliding area. Can be changed. -->
        <div class="pswp__ui pswp__ui--hidden">

            <div class="pswp__top-bar">

                <!--  Controls are self-explanatory. Order can be changed. -->

                <div class="pswp__counter"></div>

                <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--close" title="Close (Esc)"></button>

                <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--share" style="display:none" title="Share"></button>

                <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--fs" title="Toggle fullscreen"></button>

                <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--zoom" title="Zoom in/out"></button>

                <!-- Preloader demo http://codepen.io/dimsemenov/pen/yyBWoR -->
                <!-- element will get class pswp__preloader--active when preloader is running -->
                <div class="pswp__preloader">
                    <div class="pswp__preloader__icn">
                        <div class="pswp__preloader__cut">
                            <div class="pswp__preloader__donut"></div>
                        </div>
                    </div>
                </div>
            </div>

            <div class="pswp__share-modal pswp__share-modal--hidden pswp__single-tap">
                <div class="pswp__share-tooltip"></div>
            </div>

            <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--left" title="Previous (arrow left)">
            </button>

            <button class="pswp__button pswp__button--arrow--right" title="Next (arrow right)">
            </button>

            <div class="pswp__caption">
                <div class="pswp__caption__center"></div>
            </div>

        </div>

    </div>

</div>

<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/photoswipe@4.1.3/dist/photoswipe.min.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" href="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/photoswipe@4.1.3/dist/default-skin/default-skin.min.css">
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/photoswipe@4.1.3/dist/photoswipe.min.js"></script>
<script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/photoswipe@4.1.3/dist/photoswipe-ui-default.min.js"></script>

<script>
    function viewer_init() {
        let pswpElement = document.querySelectorAll('.pswp')[0];
        let $imgArr = document.querySelectorAll(('.article-entry img:not(.reward-img)'))

        $imgArr.forEach(($em, i) => {
            $em.onclick = () => {
                // slider展开状态
                // todo: 这样不好，后面改成状态
                if (document.querySelector('.left-col.show')) return
                let items = []
                $imgArr.forEach(($em2, i2) => {
                    let img = $em2.getAttribute('data-idx', i2)
                    let src = $em2.getAttribute('data-target') || $em2.getAttribute('src')
                    let title = $em2.getAttribute('alt')
                    // 获得原图尺寸
                    const image = new Image()
                    image.src = src
                    items.push({
                        src: src,
                        w: image.width || $em2.width,
                        h: image.height || $em2.height,
                        title: title
                    })
                })
                var gallery = new PhotoSwipe(pswpElement, PhotoSwipeUI_Default, items, {
                    index: parseInt(i)
                });
                gallery.init()
            }
        })
    }
    viewer_init()
</script> 
<!-- MathJax -->

<!-- Katex -->

<!-- busuanzi  -->
 
<script src="/js/busuanzi-2.3.pure.min.js"></script>
 
<!-- ClickLove -->

<!-- ClickBoom1 -->

<!-- ClickBoom2 -->

<!-- CodeCopy -->
 
<link rel="stylesheet" href="/css/clipboard.css">
 <script src="https://cdn.jsdelivr.net/npm/clipboard@2/dist/clipboard.min.js"></script>
<script>
  function wait(callback, seconds) {
    var timelag = null;
    timelag = window.setTimeout(callback, seconds);
  }
  !function (e, t, a) {
    var initCopyCode = function(){
      var copyHtml = '';
      copyHtml += '<button class="btn-copy" data-clipboard-snippet="">';
      copyHtml += '<i class="ri-file-copy-2-line"></i><span>COPY</span>';
      copyHtml += '</button>';
      $(".highlight .code pre").before(copyHtml);
      $(".article pre code").before(copyHtml);
      var clipboard = new ClipboardJS('.btn-copy', {
        target: function(trigger) {
          return trigger.nextElementSibling;
        }
      });
      clipboard.on('success', function(e) {
        let $btn = $(e.trigger);
        $btn.addClass('copied');
        let $icon = $($btn.find('i'));
        $icon.removeClass('ri-file-copy-2-line');
        $icon.addClass('ri-checkbox-circle-line');
        let $span = $($btn.find('span'));
        $span[0].innerText = 'COPIED';
        
        wait(function () { // 等待两秒钟后恢复
          $icon.removeClass('ri-checkbox-circle-line');
          $icon.addClass('ri-file-copy-2-line');
          $span[0].innerText = 'COPY';
        }, 2000);
      });
      clipboard.on('error', function(e) {
        e.clearSelection();
        let $btn = $(e.trigger);
        $btn.addClass('copy-failed');
        let $icon = $($btn.find('i'));
        $icon.removeClass('ri-file-copy-2-line');
        $icon.addClass('ri-time-line');
        let $span = $($btn.find('span'));
        $span[0].innerText = 'COPY FAILED';
        
        wait(function () { // 等待两秒钟后恢复
          $icon.removeClass('ri-time-line');
          $icon.addClass('ri-file-copy-2-line');
          $span[0].innerText = 'COPY';
        }, 2000);
      });
    }
    initCopyCode();
  }(window, document);
</script>
 
<!-- CanvasBackground -->
 
<script src="/js/dz.js"></script>
 
<script>
  if (window.mermaid) {
    mermaid.initialize({ theme: "forest" });
  }
</script>


    
    <div id="music">
    
    
    
    <iframe frameborder="no" border="1" marginwidth="0" marginheight="0" width="200" height="52"
        src="//music.163.com/outchain/player?type=2&id=1329665666&auto=0&height=32"></iframe>
</div>

<style>
    #music {
        position: fixed;
        right: 15px;
        bottom: 0;
        z-index: 998;
    }
</style>
    
    

  </div>
</body>

</html>